Phlebotomy

Blood is drawn using proper technique and the correct tubes.

• Venipuncture is the standard method; capillary draws are used for small samples.
• The order of draw prevents cross-contamination of additives.
• Tube tops are color-coded (e.g., lavender/EDTA for CBC, light blue for coagulation, red for serum).
• Correct tube selection ensures accurate results.

Specimens must be collected, labeled, and handled correctly.

• Verify patient identity with two identifiers before collection.
• Label tubes at the bedside immediately.
• Follow proper centrifuging, storage, and transport.
• Errors (hemolysis, clots, mislabeling) compromise results.

Phlebotomists manage multiple patients and priorities.

• Prioritize STAT and timed draws (e.g., glucose tolerance).
• Organize routes and supplies efficiently.
• Manage fasting and collection schedules.
• Good organization reduces errors and patient wait time.

Clear, calm communication helps anxious patients.

• Explain the procedure and answer questions.
• Use empathy to reduce fear, especially in children.
• Communicate clearly with nurses and lab staff.
• Maintain confidentiality and professionalism.

Accurate records keep the lab running smoothly.

• Enter and verify patient and test information correctly.
• Use laboratory information systems (LIS) and requisitions.
• Track specimens and maintain logs.
• Attention to detail prevents costly errors.

Safety protects both patient and phlebotomist.

• Follow standard precautions and use PPE.
• Dispose of sharps in approved containers to prevent needlesticks.
• Know bloodborne pathogen and OSHA rules.
• Proper technique reduces injury and infection risk.

Phlebotomy is governed by law and ethics.

• Obtain informed consent before drawing blood.
• Protect privacy under HIPAA.
• Work within scope of practice and document accurately.
• Understand liability and the chain of custody for legal specimens.

Understanding the body guides safe blood collection.

• Know the veins of the arm (median cubital, cephalic, basilic).
• Understand blood composition — cells and plasma.
• Use correct medical terminology for tests and anatomy.
• This knowledge prevents nerve and artery injury.